Part I Listening Comprehension (25 %)

Section A (7%, 1 point/per)

Directions: In this section, you will hear several news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the The best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).

News Item One

Question 1 to 2 are based on the recording you have just heard.

News Item Two

Question 3 to 4 are based on the recording you have just heard.

News Item Three

Question 5 to 7 are based on the recording you have just heard.

Section B (8%, 1 point/per)

Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of the conversation, four questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer.

Conversation One

Question 8 to 11 are based on the recording of

Conversation Two

Question 12 to 15 are based on the recording you have just heard.

Section C (10%, 1 point/per)

Directions: In this section, you will hear several short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).

Passage One

Question 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.

Passage Two

Question 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.

Passage Three

Question 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.

Part II Vocabulary and Structure (10%，0.5 point/per)

Directions: For each of the following incomplete sentences, there are four words or expressions marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the one that best completes the sentence.

26. I’m sorry! That was a stupid thing to say - I don’t know what ( ) me.

27. There were a couple of lectures that I thought were a bit dull, but ( ) it was a really good week.

28. Everyone interviewed had been ( ) unfair treatment.

29. His ( ) made him blind to everything else.

30. His parents were relieved when he got a ( ) job after graduation.

31. If we had taken the other road, we ( ) earlier.

32. I’d like to ( ) some voluntary work with the environment council.

33. This ( ) is bound to be a deep embarrassment for Washington.

34. Her income was barely enough to support herself, ( ) bring up three children.

35. The ( ) of consultation is to listen to and take account of the views of those consulted.

36. ( )I thought the house was empty; then I heard a woman’s voice come from the kitchen.

37. My mother has ( ) her attention from my studies to my health since I graduated from college.

38. It saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot ( ).

39. He lifted a rock, ( ) it on his own feet.

40. Though living in different countries, the two families have ( ) close links.

41. Both sides consider it ( ) to further the understanding between the two countries.

42. Gina is the exact opposite of her little sister, though they ( ) each other in appearance.

43. Students are asked to use their individual experience to ( ) answers to general questions.

44. The thief ( ) out of the apartment without a sound.

45. The difference between successful and unsuccessful people is that successful people ( ) the things they learn.

Part III Reading Comprehension (30%)

Section A Matching (10%, 1 point/per)

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with some letters. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter(s) on the Answer Sheet.

A. Several times a month, you can find a doctor in the aisles of Ralph’s market in Huntington Beach, California, wearing a white coat and helping people learn about food. On one recent day, this doctor was Daniel Nadeau, wandering the cereal aisle with Allison Scott, giving her some idea on how to feed kids who persistently avoid anything that is healthy. “Have you thought about trying fresh juices in the morning?” he asks her. “The frozen oranges and apples are a little cheaper, and fruits are really good for the brain. Juices are quick and easy to prepare, you can take the frozen fruit out the night before and have it ready the next morning.”

B. Scott is delighted to get food advice from a physician who is the program director of the nearby Mary and Dick Allen Diabetes Center, part of the St. Joseph Hoag Health Alliance. The center’s ‘Shop with Your Doc’ program sends doctors to the grocery store to meet with any patients who sign up for the service, plus any other shoppers who happen to be around with questions.

C. Nadeau notices the pre-made macaroni (通心粉)-and-cheese boxes in Scott’s shopping cart and suggests she switch to whole grain macaroni and real cheese. “So I’d have to make it?” she asks, her enthusiasm fading at the thought of how long that might take, just to have her kids reject it. “I’m not sure they’d eat it. They just won’t eat it.”

D. Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are big contributors to the rising diabetes rates among children. “In America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food,” Nadeau tells her. “And only 5 percent of our food is plant-based food. I think we should try to reverse that.” Scott agrees to try more fruit juices for the kids and to make real macaroni and cheese. Score one point for the doctor, zero for diabetes.

E. Nadeau is part of a small revolution developing across California. The food-as-medicine movement has been around for decades, but it’s making progress as physicians and medical institutions make food a formal part of treatment, rather than relying solely on medications (药物). By prescribing nutritional changes or launching programs such as ‘Shop with your Doc’, they are trying to prevent, limit, or even reverse disease by changing what patients eat. “There’s no question people can take things a long way toward reversing diabetes, reversing high blood pressure, even preventing cancer by food choices,” Nadeau says.

F. In the big picture, says Dr. Richard Afable, CEO and president of ST. Joseph Hoag Health, Medical institutions across the state are starting to make a philosophical switch to becoming a health organization, not just a health care organization. That feeling echoes the beliefs of the Therapeutic Food Pantry program at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, which completed its pilot phase and is about to expand on an ongoing basis to five clinic sites throughout the city. The program will offer patients several bags of food prescribed for their condition, along with intensive training in how to cook it. “We really want to link food and medicine, and not just give away food,” says Dr. Rita Nguyen, the hospital’s medical director of Healthy Food Initiatives. “We want people to understand what they’re eating, how to prepare it, the role food plays in their lives.”

G. In Southern California, Loma Linda University School of Medicine is offering specialized training for its resident physicians in Lifestyle Medicine — that is a formal specialty in using food to treat disease. Research findings increasingly show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases, but that does not mean that diet alone is always the solution, or that every illness can benefit substantially from dietary changes. Nonetheless, physicians say that they look at the collective data and a clear picture emerges: that the salt, sugar, fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute to the nation’s high rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. According to the World Health Organization, 80 percent of deaths from heart disease and stroke are caused by high blood pressure, tobacco use, elevated cholesterol and low consumption of fruits and vegetables.

H. “It’s a different paradigm (范式) of how to treat disease,” says Dr. Brenda Rea, who helps run the family and preventive medicine residency program at Loma Linda University School of Medicine. The lifestyle medicine specialty is designed to train doctors in how to prevent and treat disease, in part, by changing patients’ nutritional habits. The medical center and school at Loma Linda also have a food cupboard and kitchen for patients. This way, patients not only learn about which foods to buy, but also how to prepare them at home.

I. Many people don’t know how to cook, Rea says, and they only know how to heat things up. That means depending on packaged food with high salt and sugar content. So teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare them, she says, can actually transform a patient’s life. And beyond that, it might transform the health and lives of that patient’s family. “What people eat can be medicine or poison,” Rea says. “As a physician, nutrition is one of the most powerful things you can change to reverse the effects of long-term disease.”

J. Studies have explored evidence that dietary changes can slow inflammation (炎症), for example, or make the body inhospitable to cancer cells. In general, many lifestyle medicine physicians recommend a plant-based diet — particularly for people with diabetes or other inflammatory conditions.

K. “As what happened with tobacco, this will require a cultural shift, but that can happen,” says Nguyen. “In the same way physicians used to smoke, and then stopped smoking and were able to talk to patients about it, I think physicians can have a bigger voice in it.”

46. More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced. 【暂无答案】

47. There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores. 【暂无答案】

48. There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses. 【暂无答案】

49. A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily. 【暂无答案】

50. Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life. 【暂无答案】

51. One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patients how to cook it. 【暂无答案】

52. Scott is not keen on cooking food herself, thinking it would simply be a waste of time. 【暂无答案】

53. Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food. 【暂无答案】

54. Using food as medicine is no novel idea, but the movement is making headway these days. 【暂无答案】

55. Americans’ high rates of various illnesses result from the way they eat. 【暂无答案】

Section B Close Reading (20%，2 points/per)

Directions: In this section, there are two passages followed by some questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

Passage 1

Picture this: You’re at a movie theater food stand loading up on snacks. You have a choice of a small, medium or large soda. The small is $3.50 and the large is$5.50. It’s a tough decision: The small size may not last you through the whole movie, but $5.50 for some sugary drink seems ridiculous. But there's a third option, a medium soda for$5.25. Medium may be the perfect amount of soda for you, but the large is only a quarter more. If you’re like most people, you end up buying the large (and taking a bathroom break midshow).

If you’re wondering who would buy the medium soda, the answer is almost no one. In fact, there’s a good chance the marketing department purposely priced the medium soda as a decoy (诱饵), making you more likely to buy the large soda rather than the small.

I have written about this peculiarity in human nature before with my friend Dan Ariely, who studied this phenomenon extensively after noticing pricing for subscriptions (订阅) to The Economist. The digital subscription was $59, the print subscription was$125, and the print plus digital subscription was also $125. No one in their right mind would buy the print subscription when you could get digital as well for the same price, so why was it even an option? Ariely ran an experiment and found that when only the two “real” choices were offered, more people chose the less-expensive digital subscription. But the addition of the bad option made people much more likely to choose the more expensive print plus digital option.

Brain scientists call this effect “asymmetric dominance” and it means that people gravitate toward the choice nearest a clearly inferior option. Marketing professors call it the decoy effect, which is certainly easier to remember. Lucky for consumers, almost no one in the business community understands it.

The decoy effect works because of the way our brains assign value when making choices. Value is almost never absolute; rather, we decide an object’s value relative to our other choices. If more options are introduced, the value equation changes.

56. Why does the author ask us to imagine buying food in the movie theater?

57. Why is the medium soda priced the way it is?

58. What do we learn from Dan Ariely’s experiment?

59. For what purpose is “the bad option” (Para. 3) added?

60. How do we assess the value of a commodity, according to the passage?

Passage 2

Through a series of experiments an American scientist has obtained an understanding of the social structure of the most complex of ant societies. The ants examined are the only creatures other than man to have given up hunting and collecting for a completely agricultural way of life. In their underground nests they cultivate gardens on soil made from finely chopped leaves. This is a complex operation requiring considerable division of labor. The workers of this type of ant can be divided into four groups according to size. Each of the groups performs a particular set of jobs.

The making and care of the gardens and the nursing of the young ants are done by the smallest workers. Slightly larger workers are responsible for chopping up leaves to make them suitable for use in the gardens and for cleaning the nest. A third group of still larger ants do the construction work and collect fresh leaves from outside the nest. The largest are the soldier ants, responsible for defending the nest.

To find out how good the various-sized groups are at different tasks, the scientist measured the amount of work done by the ants against the amount of energy they used. He examined first the gathering and carrying of leaves. He selected one of the size groups, and then measured how efficiently these ants could find leaves and run back to the nest. Then he repeated the experiment for each of the other size groups. In this way he could see whether any group could do the job more efficiently than the group normally undertaking it.

The intermediate-sized ants that normally perform this task proved to be the most efficient for their energy costs, but when the scientist examined the whole set of jobs performed by each group of ants it appeared that some sizes of worker ants were not ideally suited to the particular jobs they performed.

61. In what way are the ants different from other non-human societies?

62. It seems that smaller ants perform more of the ( ).

63. “Good” (Sentence 1, Paragraph 3) refers to ants’ ( ).

64. The scientist’s work was based on ( ).

65. The organization of the ants has the effect of ( ).

Part IV Word Bank（10%，1 point/per）

Directions: In this part, there is a passage with 10 blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Each choice in the blank is identified by a letter or letters. Please mark the corresponding letter(s) for each item on the Answer Sheet. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

A. typical

B. displaying

C. vacant

D. genes

E. exhibit

F. partly

G. adequate

H. cautious

I. accompany

J. dies

Humans believe they know what love is, and value it highly. Yet many who study animal behavior are (66) about saying animals experience love, preferring to say they are not (67) “true love”, but simply following their (68).

Is it really as simple as all that? What about the animals who stay together until one (69)? Evolutionary biologists often say that pairing is a way to ensure (70) parental care, but it’s not always clear this is the case. Some animals continue to (71) each other when not raising young. And they appear to (72) sorrow or show a sense of loss when one of the pair dies.

Konrad Lorenz, studying the behavior of geese, describes a (73) example. Ado’s mate, Samanthe-Elisabeth, was killed by a fox. He stood silently by her (74) eaten body, which lay across their nest. In the following days, he hung his head and his eyes became (75). Because he did not have the heart to defend himself from the attacks of the other geese, his status in the flock fell sharply. A year went by. Finally Ado pulled himself together and found another mate.

Part V Translation（10%）

Directions: Please translate the following passage into English.

大学生活为我们打开了新世界的大门。尽管最初可能会遇到一些阻碍，但这些挑战能激起我们探索的勇气。校园里多元的社团活动很像一个微型社会，让我们在参与中学会沟通与协商。学校通过合理的制度维持良好的学习氛围。那些全心全意投入学业与兴趣的同学会以积极的心态调整步伐，也终将在自己的领域茁壮成长。

Part VI Writing（15%）

Directions: You are going to write an essay about the significance of lifelong learning in the modern world. The essay should be no fewer than 120 words and no more than 180 words.